английский контрольная работа 2312

ВАРИАНТ №2

I. Прочитайте и письменно переведите на русский язык следующий текст, дайте ответы на вопросы.

Leaders vs. Managers

Leader and manager are seems to have the same meanings, but it isn’t so. The word “manager” is associated with controlling, keeping people in the dark, wasting their time on trivia, and breathing down their necks. The word “manager” has too often come to be synonymous with control – cold, uncaring, passionless. But we never associate passion with the word “manager” and we have never seen the leader without it. The manager usually sticks to established channels. As for leaders they don’t stick to established channels, they are open, straight with people. They go up, down and around their organizations to reach people. One of the things about leadership is that you cannot be moderate, balanced, thoughtful, careful articulator of the policy.

Managers are the people who can make the number dance. But the world will belong to passionate, driven leaders - people who not only have enormous amounts of energy but who can energize those whom they lead.

Leaders and managers are both made and born. Of course, you have basic qualities but you re-invent yourself as you go into new situation. So people who were never leaders at school become the great business leaders of our time. So mostly the leaders and managers are made but you have to use what you are born with.

Nowadays there are different styles of managing. One of them is authoritarian. It is ruthless, formal. Such manager is uncaring; he breaths down the necks of his employees, he can be aggressive when they can’t manage their targets. Another style is democratic one. A manager of this style is open, balanced person. He is thoughtful to his employees.

So most of leaders can be managers, but not every manager can be a leader.

II. Вопросы

1. Have the leader and manager the same meanings?

2. What styles of managing do you know?

3. What is the word “manager” associated with?

4. Does the manager usually stick to established channels?

5. Are leaders and managers both made and born?

III. Выполните лексико-грамматический тест.

Инструкция: закончите предложения, выбрав один из предложенных вариантов. Объясните употребление каждого случая (письменно) на русском языке.

1. I hope that the truth ___ very soon.

A) will be found out

B) will be finding out C) is found out D) will find out E) shall find out

2. The sports competitions which ___ on Sunday ___ by a lot of people.

A) will be held / will be visited B) was held / will visit C) will held / will visit D) have been held / have visited E) are held / will be visited

3. The business letter ___ just ___ .

A) has / been written B) is / written C) was / written D) were / written E) is / going to write

4. I make ___ mistakes now than last year.

A) few B) fewer C) - D) the fewest E) fewest

5. It is ___ and ___ to live here than there.

A) warm / most pleasant B) warmer / pleasant C) warmer / more pleasant D) warmest / pleasanter E) warm / more pleasant

6. Your clothes smell, and you’ve got a cough. You _____ smoke.

A) shouldn’t

B) should C) don’t have to D. have to

7. I’m going to bed. I _____ be up early tomorrow.

A) have to

B) shouldn’t C) don’t have to D) should 8. If you need some help with your homework, you _____ go to the library.

A) have to B) mustn’t C) should

D) shouldn’t

9. If you’ve got a ticket, you _____ queue. You can go straight in.”

A) shouldn’t B) have to C) don’t have to D) should

10. You _____ tell lies. It’s wrong.

A) shouldn’t B) should C) have to D) don’t have to

11. Geoff works too much. I think he _____ take it easy.

A) must B) have to C) should D) don’t have to

12. My bedroom is a real mess. I _____ clean it.

A) have to B) should

C) don’t have to D) must 13. There’s a wonderful new restaurant opened in town. You _____ go there.

A) shouldn’t B) should

C) don’t have to D) must

14. You _____ have a driving license if you want to drive a car.

A) have to B) should C) have D) had to

15. You _____ sit so close to the TV. It’s bad for your eyes.

A) don’t have to B) shouldn’t C) have to D) can

16 “I’m working 16 hours a day.” “I think you _____ talk to your boss.”

A) have to B) can C) should

D) mustn’t 17. She ran _____.

A) quick B) quicker C) the quickly D) quickly

18. He drives too _____ .

A) fastly B) faster C) fast D) fastest

19. The team played _____ and lost the match.

A) badly B) worth C) worst D) bad

20.Please listen _____ .

A) careful B) carefully C) care D) carely

21. This student is …. in our group.

a) the attentivest

b) attentive

c) the most attentive

22. This trip costs ….lot of money.

a) the

b) a

c) -

23. Which are …. highest mountains in Russia?

a) the

b) –

c) a

24. I find ….History an interesting subject.

a) a

b) -

c) the

25. Would you like to visit …. London?

a) –

b) a

c) the

26. Jim said the switch was dangerous and warned me ..... touch it.

A) not to B) not C) do not D) no

27. She said the letter was personal and didn't let me ..... it.

A) reading B) to read

C) read D) read to

28. She didn't want ..... to go.

A) me B) I C) his D) they

29. I know him ..... a good student.

A) is B) has been C) to be D) was

30. Carol's parents always encouraged her ..... hard at school.

A) studies B) studied C) studying D) to study

IV. Прочитайте и письменно переведите на русский язык следующий текст. Составьте письменно 4 типа вопросов по тексту.

Commodity Exchange

Commodity Exchange is a market in which commodities are bought and sold. It is not necessary for the commodities to be physically exchanged. London has important commodity markets arising partly from its industrial and colonial history, and partly from the nature of its foreign trade. The commodity exchanges in London cover a wide variety, such as tea, coffee, wool, rubber, non-ferrous metals and furs.

The old practice of auctioning commodities from warehouse in which samples could be inspected beforehand has become less important. An efficient system of grading and modern systems of communication have enabled the practice of c.i.f. trading to develop. A buyer can buy a commodity in the country of origin for delivery c.i.f. to a specified port at which he can off-load for direct delivery to his own premises. This method saves warehousing costs and auction charges. However, many auctions still take place in London, e.g. tea, wool and

furs. The market not only enables commodities to be sold spot or for delivery at some specified time and place, but it also includes a market in futures. This latter enables merchants to avoid the effect of price fluctuations by buying for forward delivery at an agreed price.